이서배. 2018. 근접 복사 유형화를 통한 미국인과 한국인의 영어 억양 분석. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 24.2. 225-242. 

A comparative analysis of English intonations produced by 22 Americans and 21 Koreans was conducted using a close-copy stylization of pitch curves. The Koreans were divided into two groups according to their English proficiency (a higher level group and a lower level group). The analysis of pitch point features reveals that the higher proficiency level group has greater Pt (pitch point movement time), Pd (pitch point distance) and smaller Ps (pitch point slope) than the lower level group. The analysis of sentence level features shows that the higher proficiency level group has smaller Sd (sentence duration) and greater Syl/sec (syllables per second) than the lower level group. No significant differences, however, were found across the three groups in terms of Sr (sentence level pitch range), Ss (sentence level pitch slope) or Sp (F0 difference between the first and last pitch points) indicating that the sentence level intonation dynamics of the Koreans’ speech are almost the same as those of the Americans’ speech. These results correspond with the findings of the previous research (Kang et al. 2012) in that the average period of immersion experience of the Koreans in an English-speaking countries in the current research was 6.3 years. The possibility of utilization of the features in determining English proficiency level is discussed in the concluding section. (Humphreys West Elementary School, Department of Defense Education Activity, Teacher)

Keywords: English, Korean, intonation, close-copy stylization, pitch curve